Epidermoid Cysts – Symptoms and Causes

ByJanis Updated

Overview

Epidermoid cysts form as small, harmless lumps under the skin. They commonly appear on the face, neck, and trunk areas. These cysts typically grow slowly and don’t cause pain. Most of the time, treatment is unnecessary.

Most people don’t need medical attention for epidermoid cysts. However, removal might be considered if the cyst causes discomfort, ruptures, becomes painful, or gets infected. The management of these cysts depends on individual circumstances and symptoms.

Signs You Might Notice

Epidermoid cysts often show up as small, round bumps under the skin. They usually appear on the face, neck, or trunk area. You might see a tiny blackhead at the center of the cyst.

These cysts can leak a thick, smelly substance that has a cheese-like texture. Sometimes these cysts become red, swollen, or painful. This happens when they get infected or inflamed.

When You Should Visit a Doctor

Most of these cysts are harmless and don’t need treatment. However, you should see a healthcare provider if your cyst:

  • Grows quickly or you develop multiple cysts
  • Ruptures or breaks open
  • Causes pain or shows signs of infection
  • Is located where it gets bumped regularly
  • Makes you feel self-conscious about your appearance
  • Appears in unusual places like fingers or toes

Early treatment can prevent complications and address any concerns you might have.

Causes

The epidermis, which is the skin’s outer layer, constantly sheds cells. Epidermoid cysts typically develop when these cells move deeper into the skin instead of shedding normally.

Skin irritation or injury can trigger cyst formation. Hair follicle damage may also lead to these cysts.

The walls of epidermoid cysts are made of epidermal cells. These cells produce keratin, which fills the cyst. Keratin is a thick, cheese-like substance that might leak from the cyst if it ruptures.

Common causes include:

  • Skin cells moving inward instead of shedding
  • Skin injuries
  • Irritation of the skin surface
  • Damaged hair follicles

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase your chance of getting an epidermoid cyst:

  • Age: People who have gone through puberty are more likely to develop these cysts.
  • Genetic Factors: Having Gardner syndrome, a rare inherited condition.
  • Skin Trauma: Damage to the skin can sometimes trigger cyst formation.

Complications

Epidermoid cysts can develop several problems that require medical attention:

  • Inflammation: Cysts may become painful and swollen even without infection. When a cyst is inflamed, doctors typically delay removal until the swelling decreases.

  • Rupture: If a cyst breaks open, it can cause an infection similar to a boil, requiring immediate treatment.

  • Cancer risk: In uncommon situations, these cysts might develop into skin cancer.

If you notice your cyst becoming red, tender, or draining fluid, contact your healthcare provider promptly.

Health Writer

Janis's areas of expertise include nutrition, exercise, stress management, and mental health. She is passionate about educating and empowering people to take control of their health and make positive changes that can last a lifetime. Janis believes that small, sustainable changes are the key to long-term success, and she works with her clients to develop personalized plans that fit their individual needs and lifestyles.