Bursitis – Symptoms and Causes

ByJanis Updated

Overview

Bursitis is a painful condition affecting the bursae, which are small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints. These sacs reduce friction between bones, tendons, and muscles. When bursae become inflamed, they cause pain and discomfort.

This condition commonly affects the shoulder, elbow, and hip joints. Other areas that may develop bursitis include the knee, heel, and base of the big toe. Joints that perform repetitive movements are particularly vulnerable to this condition.

Most cases of bursitis improve within a few weeks with proper care. Treatment usually involves:

  • Resting the affected joint
  • Protecting the area from further injury
  • Reducing inflammation

Despite successful treatment, bursitis often returns. People who regularly engage in activities requiring repetitive joint movements may experience multiple episodes throughout their lives.

Signs and Symptoms

People with bursitis may notice several signs in the affected joint:

  • Pain or stiffness feeling
  • Increased pain when moving or touching the joint
  • Visible swelling and redness

When You Should Contact a Doctor

Reach out to your healthcare provider if you experience:

  • Pain that prevents normal joint use
  • Sudden loss of joint movement
  • Extreme swelling, redness, bruising, or a rash around the joint
  • Sharp pain, particularly during physical activity
  • Any fever

These symptoms might indicate a more serious condition that needs medical attention.

Causes

Bursitis often results from repeated movements or positions that put strain on joint bursae. Common triggers include:

  • Repetitive overhead motions, like throwing balls or lifting objects above your head.
  • Extended pressure on elbows from leaning on them for long periods.
  • Prolonged kneeling during activities such as floor cleaning or carpet installation.

Physical trauma to the affected area can also lead to bursitis. Other factors that might cause this condition include:

  • Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis
  • Gout
  • Bacterial infections in the bursa

Risk Factors

Certain things can make a person more likely to get bursitis:

  • Age: Older people have a higher chance of developing bursitis

  • Job and activity choices: People who do repetitive movements or put pressure on the same areas are at risk, including:

    • Carpet installers
    • Tile setters
    • Gardeners
    • Painters
    • Musicians

  • Health conditions: Having diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or diabetes increases bursitis risk

  • Weight: Carrying extra weight puts more stress on joints, especially in the hips and knees

Ways to Prevent Bursitis

You can take several steps to lower your risk of developing bursitis or reduce flare-ups. These simple changes to your daily habits can make a big difference.

  • Protect your knees by using cushioned pads when kneeling for work or hobbies. These pads distribute pressure more evenly and reduce strain on knee joints.
  • Use proper lifting technique by bending your knees instead of your back. This reduces stress on the hip bursae and prevents inflammation.
  • Move heavy items wisely by using wheeled carts or dollies instead of carrying heavy loads. This protects the bursae in your shoulders from unnecessary pressure.
  • Make it a priority to take regular breaks during repetitive tasks. Switching between different tasks gives your joints time to recover.
  • Maintain a healthy weight to decrease pressure on your joints. Extra pounds can put additional stress on bursae throughout your body.
  • Strengthen muscles around vulnerable joints through regular exercise. Strong muscles provide better support and protection for joints prone to bursitis.
  • Always start with a warm-up before engaging in any physical activity. Spend 5–10 minutes doing light movement and stretching to prepare your joints for action.

Try incorporating these preventive measures into your daily routine:

  • Wear protective gear during sports and physical activities
  • Use ergonomic tools and equipment when possible
  • Apply ice after activities that stress your joints
  • Improve your posture while sitting, standing, and sleeping
  • Stay hydrated to maintain joint health
  • Listen to your body and rest when you feel pain

Although not all bursitis cases can be prevented, these strategies can lower your risk and help manage current conditions.

Health Writer

Janis's areas of expertise include nutrition, exercise, stress management, and mental health. She is passionate about educating and empowering people to take control of their health and make positive changes that can last a lifetime. Janis believes that small, sustainable changes are the key to long-term success, and she works with her clients to develop personalized plans that fit their individual needs and lifestyles.